by Mark Russinovich (for to a greater extent than details, delight run across the YouTube video presentation)
NOTE: exercise non allow the notes below hold upwardly a substitute for the YouTube video, every bit the notes below include no screenshots of the tools used!
Also, I haven't checked if there's an update to the data below, hence if anyone thinks of it every bit obsolete, I apologize!
#######
Learn nearly the SysInternals tools as well as techniques for analyzing as well as cleaning malware
- professional person anti malware analysis requires years of deep training
- fifty-fifty for professionals, Sysinternals tools tin examine useful
Analyzing:
- agreement the bear on of malware
- tin hold upwardly used to sympathise malware operation
- generates route map for cleaning infestations
Cleaning:
- removing an infestation of a compromised system
- attempting a build clean tin also bring out to a greater extent than data nearly the malware's operation
Pave&Nuking a system, should hold upwardly the concluding as well as most extreme alternative!
If there's no expertise as well as fourth dimension left, to understand/analyze the malware, as well as hence pave&nuke the system!
Malware cleaning steps:
- disconnect from network
- position malicious procedure as well as drivers
- terminate identified processes
- position as well as delete malware autostarts
- delete malware files
- reboot as well as repeat
What are you lot looking for when you lot identify/investigate processes:
- it has no icon
- it has no description or society name
- unsigned Microsoft images
- alive inward Windows directory or user profile
- are packed
- include foreign URLs inward their strings
- conduct keep opened upwardly TCP/IP endpoints
- host suspicious DLLs or services
How many people await at processes amongst Task Manager?
Use Process Explorer (from Sysinternals)!
Process Explorer:
- is the Super Task Manager
- has lots of full general troubleshooting capabilities:
- DLL versioning problems
- conduct keep leaks as well as locked files
- performance troubleshooting
- hung processes
- we're going to focus on its malware cleaning capabilities
The Process View:
- the procedure tree shows parent-child relationships
- icon, description as well as society mention are pulled from icon version information
- most malware doesn't conduct keep version information
- what nearly malware pretending to hold upwardly from Microsoft? Will utter later
- Use the Window Finder (in the toolbar) to associate a window amongst its ain process
- exercise the Search Online bill of fare entry to lookup unknown processes
- but malware oft uses totally random as well as pseudo-random names
Refresh Highlighting:
- refresh highlighting highlights changes
- Red: procedure exited
- Green: novel process
- modify duration (default 1 second) inward Options
- press infinite bar to recess as well as F5 to refresh
- crusade display to scroll to brand novel processes visible amongst Show New Processes option
- we'll run across how to spot short-lived processes later
Process-type Highlights:
- bluish processes are running inward the same safety context every bit Process Explorer
- pinkish processes host Windows services
- majestic highlighting indicates an icon is 'packed'
- packed tin hateful compressed or encrypted
- malware commonly uses packing (ex: UPX) to brand antivirus signature matching to a greater extent than difficult
- packing as well as encryption also hides strings from view
- in that location are a few other colors, but they are non of import for malware hunting
Tool tips:
- procedure tool tips present the total path to the procedure image
- malware to a greater extent than oft hides behind Svchost, Rundll32 as well as Dllhost
- tool tip for Rundll32 processes shows hosted DLL
- Dllhost tooltip shows hosted COM server
- tool tip for service processes shows hosted services
- services covered inward particular shortly
New inward v15.2:
- autostart locations
- reports where icon is registered for autostart or loading
- non necessarily what caused for procedure to execute, though
- procedure timeline
Detailed Process Information:
- double-click on a procedure to run across detailed information
- pages relevant to malware analysis:
- image: signing status, starting fourth dimension time, version
- TCP/IP: opened upwardly endpoints
- strings: printable strings inward primary executable
Image Verification:
- all (well, most) Microsoft code is digitally signed
- hash of file is signed amongst Microsoft's mortal key
- signature is checked yesteryear decrypting signed hash amongst the populace key
- you lot tin selectively cheque for signatures amongst the Verify push on the procedure icon tab
- conduct the Verify Image Signatures pick to cheque all
- add together the Verified Signer column to run across all
- banking concern complaint that verification volition connect to the Internet to cheque Certificate Revocation List (CRL) servers
Sigcheck as well as ListDLLs:
- scan the arrangement for suspicious executable images
sigcheck -e -u -s c:\ (it volition discovery keen places to shroud malware)
- await for same characteristics every bit suspicious processes
- hold upwardly peculiarly wary of items inward the \Windows directory as well as the \Users \<username>\AppData directories
- investigate all unsigned images
- ListDLLs volition tin running processes for unsigned DLLs
listdlls -u
Strings:
- on-disk as well as in-memory procedure strings are visible on the Strings tab
- there's entirely a departure if the icon is compressed or encrypted
- Strings tin assistance supply clues nearly unknown processes
- await for URLs, names as well as debug strings
- you lot tin also dump strings amongst the command-line String utility from Sysinternals
strings <file>
The DLL View:
- malware tin shroud every bit a DLL within a legitimate process
- we've already seen this amongst Rundll32 as well as Svchost
- typically loads via an autostart
- tin charge through 'dll injection'
- packing highlist shows inward DLL sentiment every bit well
- opened upwardly the DLL sentiment yesteryear clicking on the DLL icon inward the toolbar
- shows to a greater extent than than merely loaded DLLs
- included .exe as well as whatsoever 'memory mapped files'
- tin search for a DLL amongst the Find dialog
- DLL strings are also viewable on the DLL properties
Terminating Malicious Processes:
- don't kill processes
- malware processes are ofter restarted yesteryear watchdogs
- instead, suspend them
- banking concern complaint that this affair powerfulness crusade a arrangement hang for Svchost processes
- tape the total path to each malicious EXE as well as DLL
- after they are all asleep as well as hence kill them
- sentinel for restarts amongst novel names
Investigating Autostarts:
- Windows msconfig.exe falls curt when it comes to identifying autostarting applications
- it knows nearly few locations
- it provides piddling information
- it uses the Task Manager (which is REALLY bad)
Autoruns:
- shows every house inward the arrangement that tin hold upwardly configured to run something at kicking & logon
- touchstone Run keys as well as Startup folders
- shell, userinit
- services as well as drivers
- tasks
- winlogon notifications
- Explorer as well as IE addins (toolbars, Browser Helper Objects...)
- More as well as always growing
- each startup category has its ain tab as well as all items display on the Everything tab
- startup name, icon description, society as well as path
Identifying Malware Autostarts:
- zoom-in on add-ons (including malware) yesteryear selecting these filter options:
- verify code signatures
- shroud Microsoft entries
- conduct an item to run across to a greater extent than inward the lower window
- online search unknown images
- double-click on an item to await at where its configured inward the Registry or file system
- has other features
- tin display other profiles
- tin also present empty locations (informational only)
- includes compare functionality
- includes equivalent command-line version, Autorunsc.exe
Deleting Autostarts:
- delete suspicious autostarts
- you lot tin disable them if you're non sure
- after you're done exercise a total refresh
- if they come upwardly back, run Process Monitor to run across who's putting them back
- you lot powerfulness conduct keep misidentified a malware process
- it powerfulness hold upwardly a hidden, arrangement or legitimate process
Tracing Malware:
- tracing activeness tin bring out the arrangement bear on of malware
- malware shows initial infection, earlier cloaking is applied
- tin bring out the internals of 'buddy system' as well as other infection-protection mechanisms
- Process Monitor makes tracing easy
- a uncomplicated filter tin position all arrangement notifications
- investigating stacks tin distinguish legitimate activeness from malicious activity
Event Properties:
- trial details
- duration, process, thread, details, etc
- procedure information
- ascendance line
- user
- session as well as logon session
- icon information
- starting fourth dimension time
- thread stack at fourth dimension of event
Filtering:
- to filter on a value, right-click on the occupation as well as conduct the attribute from the Include, Exclude as well as Highlight sub menus
- you lot tin conduct multiple values simultaneously
- when you lot laid a highlight filter you lot tin motility through highlighted trial properties
Advanced Filtering:
- multiple-filter behavior:
- values from dissimilar attributes are AND'd
- values from the same attributes are OR'd
- to a greater extent than complex filtering is available inward the Filter dialog
- Outlook-style dominion definition
- you lot tin salve as well as restore filters
- filter for watching malware impact: "Category is Write"
The Process Tree:
- Tools-Process Tree
- shows all processes that conduct keep been seen inward the draw (including parents)
- tin toggle on as well as off terminated processes
- the procedure tree provides an tardily agency to run across procedure relationships
- curt lives processes
- ascendance line
- user names
Real World Analysis as well as Cleaning (minute 44)
The Case of the SysInternals - Blocking Malware
- friend asked user to conduct keep a await at arrangement suspected of existence infected amongst malware
- kicking as well as logons took a long time
- Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) malware scan would never complete
- zilch jumped out inward Task Manager
- tried running Sysinternal tools, but all exited right away after starting:
- Autoruns
- Process Monitor
- Process Explorer
- Even Notepad opening a text file named "Process Explorer" would also terminate
- Looking through Sysinternals suite, noticed Desktops utility
- hoped malware powerfulness non hold upwardly smart plenty to monitor additional desktops
- Sure enough, was able to launch Process Monitor as well as other tools:
- Malware in all likelihood looks for tools inward window titles
- Window enumeration entirely returns windows of electrical flow desktop
- Nothing suspicious inward Process Explorer
- Next, ran Process Monitor
- noticed a lot of Winlogon activity, hence laid a filter to include it
- could run across a once-per-second cheque of a foreign key
(e.g acdcacaeaaacb...)
- saw mention of random DLL inward the key:
(e.g Yellow folder named acdcacaeaaacb...)
Solved:
- tried deleting the key, but after refreshing, it was back
- went dorsum to MSE as well as directed it to scan merely the random DLL icon file on disk
- after clean, was able to delete Registry telephone substitution as well as arrangement was dorsum to normal: work solved...
Cleaning FakeSysDef Scareware:
- run across video inward regards to the malware hiding
The illustration of the Strange Reboots:
- laptop would reboot right away after connecting to wireless networks:
- followed yesteryear a kicking inward prophylactic mode
- as well as hence kicking dorsum to normal mode
- kicking to prophylactic style resulted inward automatic logoff
- tried to run Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE), but it was damaged
- ran Process Explorer as well as saw many processes exhibiting malware characteristics
- processes amongst names mimicking Windows processes were clearly malicious
- Autoruns showed arrangement massively infected
- suspended all packed processes that looked suspicious
- connected to network: no restart
- downloaded as well as ran fresh re-create of MSE
- MSE detected several malware variants
- after cleaning, in that location were no to a greater extent than suspicious processes as well as the arrangement behaved normally:
PROBLEM SOLVED!
Cleaning Cycbot.exe backdoor:
- delight run across video for details
- also exercise merely about query on how it plant as well as locations it uses
Analyzing as well as Cleaning Stuxnet as well as Flame:
- discovered June 2010 after it had spread for a year
- exploited 4 null twenty-four hr menstruation Windows vulnerabilities
- impress spooler for remote code execution
- rhythm link Explorer code execution from infected key
- Win2k/Windows XP Win32k.sys privilege elevation
- Windows vii Task Scheduler privilege elevation
- Drivers signed yesteryear certificates stolen from RealTek as well as JMicron (in Taiwan)
- Rootkit code for Siemens Step vii SCADA PLC for centrifuges
- suspected to conduct keep targeted Iranian centrifuges used for Uranium enrichment at Natanz nuclear facility
- Islamic Republic of Iran confirms inward September 2010 that thousands were destroyed
- suspected to hold upwardly created yesteryear State of Israel as well as US
- believed to conduct keep been spreading through USB keys (at this point)
- in that location is ONLY ONE lsass.exe on the arrangement (should hold upwardly anyway)
Flame:
- discovered a few weeks ago
- considered yesteryear merely about to hold upwardly to a greater extent than sophisticated than Stuxnet
- constitute yesteryear Kaspersky antivirus
- used LUA programming for the code
- the reckoner clock had to hold upwardly changed to Tehran
The Future of Malware:
- we've seen the trends:
- malware that pretends to hold upwardly from Microsoft or other legitimate companies
- malware protected yesteryear sophisticated rootkits
- malware that has stolen certificates
- cleaning is going to instruct much, much harder:
- targeted as well as polymorphic malware won't instruct AV/AS signatures
- malware tin direct manipulate Windows structures to crusade misdirection
- all touchstone tools volition hold upwardly direct attacked yesteryear malware
- in that location volition hold upwardly to a greater extent than un-cleanable malware
- you lot can't know you're infected unless you lot discovery a symptom
Zero Day - Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Novel
- a cyber-thriller truthful to the science
- www.zerodaythebook.com
- book: Trojan a novel Equus caballus (Mark Russinovich)
The halt :)
NOTE: exercise non allow the notes below hold upwardly a substitute for the YouTube video, every bit the notes below include no screenshots of the tools used!
Also, I haven't checked if there's an update to the data below, hence if anyone thinks of it every bit obsolete, I apologize!
#######
Learn nearly the SysInternals tools as well as techniques for analyzing as well as cleaning malware
- professional person anti malware analysis requires years of deep training
- fifty-fifty for professionals, Sysinternals tools tin examine useful
Analyzing:
- agreement the bear on of malware
- tin hold upwardly used to sympathise malware operation
- generates route map for cleaning infestations
Cleaning:
- removing an infestation of a compromised system
- attempting a build clean tin also bring out to a greater extent than data nearly the malware's operation
Pave&Nuking a system, should hold upwardly the concluding as well as most extreme alternative!
If there's no expertise as well as fourth dimension left, to understand/analyze the malware, as well as hence pave&nuke the system!
Malware cleaning steps:
- disconnect from network
- position malicious procedure as well as drivers
- terminate identified processes
- position as well as delete malware autostarts
- delete malware files
- reboot as well as repeat
What are you lot looking for when you lot identify/investigate processes:
- it has no icon
- it has no description or society name
- unsigned Microsoft images
- alive inward Windows directory or user profile
- are packed
- include foreign URLs inward their strings
- conduct keep opened upwardly TCP/IP endpoints
- host suspicious DLLs or services
How many people await at processes amongst Task Manager?
Use Process Explorer (from Sysinternals)!
Process Explorer:
- is the Super Task Manager
- has lots of full general troubleshooting capabilities:
- DLL versioning problems
- conduct keep leaks as well as locked files
- performance troubleshooting
- hung processes
- we're going to focus on its malware cleaning capabilities
The Process View:
- the procedure tree shows parent-child relationships
- icon, description as well as society mention are pulled from icon version information
- most malware doesn't conduct keep version information
- what nearly malware pretending to hold upwardly from Microsoft? Will utter later
- Use the Window Finder (in the toolbar) to associate a window amongst its ain process
- exercise the Search Online bill of fare entry to lookup unknown processes
- but malware oft uses totally random as well as pseudo-random names
Refresh Highlighting:
- refresh highlighting highlights changes
- Red: procedure exited
- Green: novel process
- modify duration (default 1 second) inward Options
- press infinite bar to recess as well as F5 to refresh
- crusade display to scroll to brand novel processes visible amongst Show New Processes option
- we'll run across how to spot short-lived processes later
Process-type Highlights:
- bluish processes are running inward the same safety context every bit Process Explorer
- pinkish processes host Windows services
- majestic highlighting indicates an icon is 'packed'
- packed tin hateful compressed or encrypted
- malware commonly uses packing (ex: UPX) to brand antivirus signature matching to a greater extent than difficult
- packing as well as encryption also hides strings from view
- in that location are a few other colors, but they are non of import for malware hunting
Tool tips:
- procedure tool tips present the total path to the procedure image
- malware to a greater extent than oft hides behind Svchost, Rundll32 as well as Dllhost
- tool tip for Rundll32 processes shows hosted DLL
- Dllhost tooltip shows hosted COM server
- tool tip for service processes shows hosted services
- services covered inward particular shortly
New inward v15.2:
- autostart locations
- reports where icon is registered for autostart or loading
- non necessarily what caused for procedure to execute, though
- procedure timeline
Detailed Process Information:
- double-click on a procedure to run across detailed information
- pages relevant to malware analysis:
- image: signing status, starting fourth dimension time, version
- TCP/IP: opened upwardly endpoints
- strings: printable strings inward primary executable
Image Verification:
- all (well, most) Microsoft code is digitally signed
- hash of file is signed amongst Microsoft's mortal key
- signature is checked yesteryear decrypting signed hash amongst the populace key
- you lot tin selectively cheque for signatures amongst the Verify push on the procedure icon tab
- conduct the Verify Image Signatures pick to cheque all
- add together the Verified Signer column to run across all
- banking concern complaint that verification volition connect to the Internet to cheque Certificate Revocation List (CRL) servers
Sigcheck as well as ListDLLs:
- scan the arrangement for suspicious executable images
sigcheck -e -u -s c:\ (it volition discovery keen places to shroud malware)
- await for same characteristics every bit suspicious processes
- hold upwardly peculiarly wary of items inward the \Windows directory as well as the \Users \<username>\AppData directories
- investigate all unsigned images
- ListDLLs volition tin running processes for unsigned DLLs
listdlls -u
Strings:
- on-disk as well as in-memory procedure strings are visible on the Strings tab
- there's entirely a departure if the icon is compressed or encrypted
- Strings tin assistance supply clues nearly unknown processes
- await for URLs, names as well as debug strings
- you lot tin also dump strings amongst the command-line String utility from Sysinternals
strings <file>
The DLL View:
- malware tin shroud every bit a DLL within a legitimate process
- we've already seen this amongst Rundll32 as well as Svchost
- typically loads via an autostart
- tin charge through 'dll injection'
- packing highlist shows inward DLL sentiment every bit well
- opened upwardly the DLL sentiment yesteryear clicking on the DLL icon inward the toolbar
- shows to a greater extent than than merely loaded DLLs
- included .exe as well as whatsoever 'memory mapped files'
- tin search for a DLL amongst the Find dialog
- DLL strings are also viewable on the DLL properties
Terminating Malicious Processes:
- don't kill processes
- malware processes are ofter restarted yesteryear watchdogs
- instead, suspend them
- banking concern complaint that this affair powerfulness crusade a arrangement hang for Svchost processes
- tape the total path to each malicious EXE as well as DLL
- after they are all asleep as well as hence kill them
- sentinel for restarts amongst novel names
Investigating Autostarts:
- Windows msconfig.exe falls curt when it comes to identifying autostarting applications
- it knows nearly few locations
- it provides piddling information
- it uses the Task Manager (which is REALLY bad)
Autoruns:
- shows every house inward the arrangement that tin hold upwardly configured to run something at kicking & logon
- touchstone Run keys as well as Startup folders
- shell, userinit
- services as well as drivers
- tasks
- winlogon notifications
- Explorer as well as IE addins (toolbars, Browser Helper Objects...)
- More as well as always growing
- each startup category has its ain tab as well as all items display on the Everything tab
- startup name, icon description, society as well as path
Identifying Malware Autostarts:
- zoom-in on add-ons (including malware) yesteryear selecting these filter options:
- verify code signatures
- shroud Microsoft entries
- conduct an item to run across to a greater extent than inward the lower window
- online search unknown images
- double-click on an item to await at where its configured inward the Registry or file system
- has other features
- tin display other profiles
- tin also present empty locations (informational only)
- includes compare functionality
- includes equivalent command-line version, Autorunsc.exe
Deleting Autostarts:
- delete suspicious autostarts
- you lot tin disable them if you're non sure
- after you're done exercise a total refresh
- if they come upwardly back, run Process Monitor to run across who's putting them back
- you lot powerfulness conduct keep misidentified a malware process
- it powerfulness hold upwardly a hidden, arrangement or legitimate process
Tracing Malware:
- tracing activeness tin bring out the arrangement bear on of malware
- malware shows initial infection, earlier cloaking is applied
- tin bring out the internals of 'buddy system' as well as other infection-protection mechanisms
- Process Monitor makes tracing easy
- a uncomplicated filter tin position all arrangement notifications
- investigating stacks tin distinguish legitimate activeness from malicious activity
Event Properties:
- trial details
- duration, process, thread, details, etc
- procedure information
- ascendance line
- user
- session as well as logon session
- icon information
- starting fourth dimension time
- thread stack at fourth dimension of event
Filtering:
- to filter on a value, right-click on the occupation as well as conduct the attribute from the Include, Exclude as well as Highlight sub menus
- you lot tin conduct multiple values simultaneously
- when you lot laid a highlight filter you lot tin motility through highlighted trial properties
Advanced Filtering:
- multiple-filter behavior:
- values from dissimilar attributes are AND'd
- values from the same attributes are OR'd
- to a greater extent than complex filtering is available inward the Filter dialog
- Outlook-style dominion definition
- you lot tin salve as well as restore filters
- filter for watching malware impact: "Category is Write"
The Process Tree:
- Tools-Process Tree
- shows all processes that conduct keep been seen inward the draw (including parents)
- tin toggle on as well as off terminated processes
- the procedure tree provides an tardily agency to run across procedure relationships
- curt lives processes
- ascendance line
- user names
Real World Analysis as well as Cleaning (minute 44)
The Case of the SysInternals - Blocking Malware
- friend asked user to conduct keep a await at arrangement suspected of existence infected amongst malware
- kicking as well as logons took a long time
- Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) malware scan would never complete
- zilch jumped out inward Task Manager
- tried running Sysinternal tools, but all exited right away after starting:
- Autoruns
- Process Monitor
- Process Explorer
- Even Notepad opening a text file named "Process Explorer" would also terminate
- Looking through Sysinternals suite, noticed Desktops utility
- hoped malware powerfulness non hold upwardly smart plenty to monitor additional desktops
- Sure enough, was able to launch Process Monitor as well as other tools:
- Malware in all likelihood looks for tools inward window titles
- Window enumeration entirely returns windows of electrical flow desktop
- Nothing suspicious inward Process Explorer
- Next, ran Process Monitor
- noticed a lot of Winlogon activity, hence laid a filter to include it
- could run across a once-per-second cheque of a foreign key
(e.g acdcacaeaaacb...)
- saw mention of random DLL inward the key:
(e.g Yellow folder named acdcacaeaaacb...)
Solved:
- tried deleting the key, but after refreshing, it was back
- went dorsum to MSE as well as directed it to scan merely the random DLL icon file on disk
- after clean, was able to delete Registry telephone substitution as well as arrangement was dorsum to normal: work solved...
Cleaning FakeSysDef Scareware:
- run across video inward regards to the malware hiding
The illustration of the Strange Reboots:
- laptop would reboot right away after connecting to wireless networks:
- followed yesteryear a kicking inward prophylactic mode
- as well as hence kicking dorsum to normal mode
- kicking to prophylactic style resulted inward automatic logoff
- tried to run Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE), but it was damaged
- ran Process Explorer as well as saw many processes exhibiting malware characteristics
- processes amongst names mimicking Windows processes were clearly malicious
- Autoruns showed arrangement massively infected
- suspended all packed processes that looked suspicious
- connected to network: no restart
- downloaded as well as ran fresh re-create of MSE
- MSE detected several malware variants
- after cleaning, in that location were no to a greater extent than suspicious processes as well as the arrangement behaved normally:
PROBLEM SOLVED!
Cleaning Cycbot.exe backdoor:
- delight run across video for details
- also exercise merely about query on how it plant as well as locations it uses
Analyzing as well as Cleaning Stuxnet as well as Flame:
- discovered June 2010 after it had spread for a year
- exploited 4 null twenty-four hr menstruation Windows vulnerabilities
- impress spooler for remote code execution
- rhythm link Explorer code execution from infected key
- Win2k/Windows XP Win32k.sys privilege elevation
- Windows vii Task Scheduler privilege elevation
- Drivers signed yesteryear certificates stolen from RealTek as well as JMicron (in Taiwan)
- Rootkit code for Siemens Step vii SCADA PLC for centrifuges
- suspected to conduct keep targeted Iranian centrifuges used for Uranium enrichment at Natanz nuclear facility
- Islamic Republic of Iran confirms inward September 2010 that thousands were destroyed
- suspected to hold upwardly created yesteryear State of Israel as well as US
- believed to conduct keep been spreading through USB keys (at this point)
- in that location is ONLY ONE lsass.exe on the arrangement (should hold upwardly anyway)
Flame:
- discovered a few weeks ago
- considered yesteryear merely about to hold upwardly to a greater extent than sophisticated than Stuxnet
- constitute yesteryear Kaspersky antivirus
- used LUA programming for the code
- the reckoner clock had to hold upwardly changed to Tehran
The Future of Malware:
- we've seen the trends:
- malware that pretends to hold upwardly from Microsoft or other legitimate companies
- malware protected yesteryear sophisticated rootkits
- malware that has stolen certificates
- cleaning is going to instruct much, much harder:
- targeted as well as polymorphic malware won't instruct AV/AS signatures
- malware tin direct manipulate Windows structures to crusade misdirection
- all touchstone tools volition hold upwardly direct attacked yesteryear malware
- in that location volition hold upwardly to a greater extent than un-cleanable malware
- you lot can't know you're infected unless you lot discovery a symptom
Zero Day - Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Novel
- a cyber-thriller truthful to the science
- www.zerodaythebook.com
- book: Trojan a novel Equus caballus (Mark Russinovich)
The halt :)
